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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent growth and angiogenic cytokine. It stimulates proliferation and survival of endothelial cells, and promotes angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Expressed in vascularized tissues, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a prominent role in normal and pathological angiogenesis.

Substantial evidence implicates VEGF in the induction of tumor metastasis and intra-ocular neovascular syndromes. VEGF signals through the three receptors; fms-like tyrosine kinase (flt-1), KDR gene product (the murine homolog of KDR is the flk-1 gene product) and the flt4 gene product. Recombinant human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A165 (rhVEGF-A165) produced in Pichia pastoris is a disulfide-linked homodimer containing two polypeptide chains of 165 amino acids each. A fully biologically active molecule, rhVEGF-A165 has a molecular mass of 38.2kDa.